Unanswered Questions Of Science

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I am a student of science and technology, with a deep interest in philosophy and cosmology. As a seeker, I keep looking for answers about our existence and our journey through the cosmos. Science has answered many questions, though I have not yet undersood all of them. The list below collects questions that still have no settled scientific answer—at least none that I know or I feel I understood them correctly. I add to it as new questions arise.

If you know of a good source for any of these, please share it. If you have an unanswered question of your own, feel free to add it in the comments.

1. What causes gravity?
2. Why did the Big Bang happen?
3. Where did the matter and energy for the Big Bang come from?
4. If the cosmos keeps expanding and entropy keeps increasing, what is the long-term fate of the universe?
5. Among billions of galaxies—and billions of stars in each—life is known on only one planet. If life exists in one place out of 10^22 possibilities, why can we not say it is sheer chance?
6. Why can nothing travel faster than the speed of light, c?
7. Why does quantum entanglement happen?
8. Why does an electron behave like a wave?
9. What gives an electron or proton its charge?
10. Why do sound waves produce light? (Sonoluminescence)
11. Why is there more matter than antimatter?
12. Particle physics explains electrons, protons, neutrons, and their components—but what is matter ultimately made of?
13. Why is the escape velocity of a black hole greater than the speed of light? What happens inside a black hole?
14. Weak, strong, electromagnetic, and gravitational forces make existence possible. Is there a single force that unifies them all?
15. How can we measure the collapse of a wave function?
16. Why does the arrow of time move in only one direction?
17. What is dark matter made of?
18. What is dark energy?
19. Can the universe come from nothing?

Hari Om Tat Sat
Yours Truly Hari