OpenAI 12 Days 2024 Announcements
OpenAI’s 12 Days of 2024 brought some exciting announcements. In this post, I provide a concise overview of the key updates.
OpenAI’s 12 Days of 2024 brought some exciting announcements. In this post, I provide a concise overview of the key updates.
A comprehensive guide to selecting the right model and prompt type for your LLM project.
Exploring the Western dominance in AI development, its implications and the future of global technology.
Visualizing transformers and attention - A summary note from Grant Sanderson’s talk at TNG Big Tech 2024
Exploring the journey, capabilities, architecture and components of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)
Overview of popular AI models and their creators in industry.
Overview of Shazam’s features in econometrics, statistics, and data science.
Microsoft’s serverless LLM deployment platform using Azure OpenAI Service
Overview of Microsoft’s AI offerings, including Azure AI, Azure Machine Learning, and Azure Cognitive Services.
The difference between Vertex AI and Google AI Studio lies in their scope, functionality, and target audiences within Google’s suite of AI tools.
Overview of NVIDIA’s journey, history, DGX supercomputer series, key products, and emerging fields like generative AI.
A comprehensive exploration of the LLM infrastructure landscape, from cloud giants to specialized providers, helping organizations make informed decisions ab...
A comprehensive guide to understanding different machine learning model formats, with a special focus on GGUF and its advantages in model compression, deploy...
A comprehensive guide to understanding and implementing AnythingLLM, an open-source platform for creating personalized language models and knowledge databases.
Navigating Python Ecosystem 1. History of Python Development Python was created by Guido van Rossum and was first released in 1991. Its design philosophy ...
Processors for HTML, CSS, and JS Code What are HTML Processors? HTML processors (or preprocessors) extend HTML functionality by adding new features like te...
mathjax: true id: 6176 title: “Exploring Popular Web Server” date: 2024-10-29 permalink: /dsblog/Exploring-Popular-Web-Server tags: [“Web Development”, “We...
Exploring All Dimensions of Application Development These aspects highlight the diverse areas involved in application development beyond just frontend, ba...
Exploring LLM Application Development What is LLM Application Development? Large Language Model (LLM) application development involves creating applicatio...
AI Benchmarks Explained: Essential Components and Leading LLM Evaluation Techniques What is a Benchmark in AI? A benchmark in AI is like a standard measur...
Transfer Learning Key AI Techniques Explained In this article we will understand some important concepts used within machine learning. What is in-contex...
Introduction: The world of Generative AI (GenAI) is expanding at an astonishing rate, with new models emerging almost daily, each sporting unique names, ca...
Navigating the JavaScript Ecosystem: npm, Yarn, unpkg, and More This article is trying to answer following questions. Evoluation of Javascript and Rela...
Application of Generative AI (GenAI) Generative AI (GenAI) is transforming how we interact with technology by producing human-like text, images, audio, an...
Understanding Jekyll Framework What is Jekyll? Jekyll is a popular static site generator that transforms plain text into static websites and blogs. It’s ...
Introduction to Container Registry What is Container Registry? A container registry is a central store or service where container images are stored, mana...
AI/ML with Oracle Cloud Oracle Infrastructure Services Register for Oracle Cloud Free Tier Oracle AI Main services Digital Assistant Document Unders...
SEO Keyword Planning Free tools for SEO Keyword Planning To improve the search engine ranking of your blogs, you can leverage several free tools and strat...
Understanding HTML Templating with Python, Ruby, and PHP What is HTML Templating? This concept is widely used across different frameworks and languages to...
Exploring Synthetic Data Generation Capabilities Is this article for me? Are you looking answers to these questions? What is Synthetic Data? What is ...
Exploring SQL and GraphQL Commands What is SQL? SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a standardized programming language used for managing and manipulati...
Exploring Python Package Managers What is Package Manager? A package manager is a tool that automates the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, ...
Understanding Linux Distributions What are Linux Distributions? A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as “distro”) is a version of the Linux operating s...
Exploring Firebase What is Firebase? Originally, Firebase started as a product called Envolve in 2011, which was a real-time chat service. It was co-found...
What is Bundler? Bundler is a dependency management tool for Ruby applications. It ensures that the right versions of gems (libraries) are installed and us...
What is dense embedding in AI? Dense embeddings are critical in many AI applications, particularly in deep learning, where they help reduce data complexity...
Introduction to Perplexity AI What is Perplexity AI? Perplexity AI Founded in 2022 is based in San Francisco, California. Perplexity AI is an AI-powered s...
Comprehensive Guide to Git Commands Is this article for me? If you are a developer and you want to learn Git commands and their usage, this article is fo...
Essential Database Selection Criteria for Modern Applications Is this article for me? If you are looking answer for these questions then “Yes”. What pa...
Exploring Apache Hive: Capabilities and Scalability for Big Data Processing What is Hive? Apache Hive is a data warehousing and SQL-like query engine buil...
Machine Learning Key Concepts In this article Essential Machine Learning Techniques/Concepts are Explained, some of them are are Cross-Validation, Hyperpar...
Exploring Docker and VS Code Integration Is this article for me? If you are interested in docker, containers, VS Code and development and looking answers ...
Automated Machine Learning Is this article for me? This is article is for you, if you know About Machine learning, ML models building That machines a...
Python Code Snippnet from Colab What is snippet? A snippet is a small, reusable piece of code designed to perform a specific task or solve a particular pr...
Console Types Every Programmer Should Know Is this article for me? If you are you confused about a term “console” which you heard at many places and in man...
Navigating Google Cloud Security Is this article for me? If you are looking answers of these questions then continue reading. What are various compone...
Building AI-Powered Flutter Apps: Best Practices for Folder Structure Is this article for you? You want to create a Flutter application but are unsure...
Understanding Python Project Folder Structures: Essential Directories Explained Introduction In Python projects, certain folders and files serve specific ...
The Battle for AI Supremacy: GenAI Capabilities from AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Is this Article for me? If you are looking for answer of following quest...
Exploring Ollama & LM Studio Is this article for me? If you are looking answers to the following questions, then this article is for you: Question...
Exploring Github Question: What is github package and what can I do with this? GitHub Packages is a service that allows you to host and manage packages (e...
Question: What is Package Manager? Package managers help simplify the process of software installation, updating, and dependency management on their respe...
Tensorflow GPU Setup on Local Machine Introduction Tensorflow, pytorch are deep learning libraries or packages. Tensorflow is developed by google and pyt...
All About AI Hype Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a buzzword that has permeated almost every aspect of modern life. From the way we work and communicate t...
Variations of Language Model in Huggingface What the Model variable in Huggingface? We know base moels like BERT, T5, GPT2, GPT3 etc are developed by rese...
MLOps Tools MLOps (Machine Learning Operations) is a set of practices and tools designed to streamline and automate the deployment, monitoring, and manage...
Programming Resources Programming Learning with Others Codementor : A mentorship community to learn from fellow developers via live 1:1 help and more....
AI Usecases in Cybersecurity AI in Cyber Security, Ethics Related Challenges and Usecases AI Usecases in Cyber Security Threat Detection and Response...
Open Source AI vs Closed Source AI Major players in the AI industry, such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Salesforce, etc each have their own proprietary model...
How Much Memory Needed for LLM? What is LLM? LLM stands for Large Language Model. These are machine learning models that are trained on massive amounts of...
LLM Skills and Human Skills What is skill? A skill is the ability to perform a task or activity effectively and efficiently. It involves applying knowled...
Understanding LLM Architectures and Model Training Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the field of artificial intelligence by enabling machines...
LLM Security and Ethics Considerations Question: For my client’s highly secured data like health industry data, banking, insurnace, internal security, etc...
Finetuning, Fewshot Learning, Why and How? Why to finetune a LLM? Fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) can provide several benefits, depending on you...
Software Security Concepts As of today, this article is answering following questions related to software security. In future, I will add more concepts he...
What is Unicode and how does it works? What is Unicode: A Universal Character Set Unicode is a standard that assigns a unique number to every character, ...
Stanford Alpaca Introduction Stanford Alpaca Github Report Stanford Alpaca is An “Instruction-following” LLaMA Model This is the repo aims to build ...
Understanding LLM, GAN and Transformers LLM Layers Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically based on Transformer architectures, which consist of several...
Transformers Demystified A Step-by-Step Guide All modern Transformers are based on a paper “Attention is all you need” Introduction This was the mother p...
Dimensionality Reduction and Visualization What are the popular methods of dimensionality reduction? Dimensionality reduction is a crucial step in data p...
Serverless databases A serverless database is a type of database service that automatically manages infrastructure and scaling, allowing developers to foc...
AI in Health Care Human health is paramount for inviduals, governments, hospitals and other related systems. There are powerful laws and heavy panelty for...
All about Hashing What is Hashing function? A hashing function is a mathematical algorithm that converts an input (or “message”) into a fixed-size string ...
Creating Docker Image What is Docker? Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate y...
REST API An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows one software application to interact with another. It defi...
NLP BenchMarks What is Language Model? A language model is a computational model that understands and generates human language. It learns the patterns and...
Decoding Windows User Folder My machine c:\users folder has 3 users Detault, harip, public. What is the purpose of these 3 users? The C:\Users folder on ...
Decoding pip install operations Your draft provides useful insights into using pip for Python package management. Here’s a refined version of your article...
Decoding docker commands Is this article for me? If you are coming from IT Infrastructure background and have solid experience in containerization you can...
Manmath Nath - Ramayana Corpus Corpus Introduction Corpus License Bala Kanda Ayodhya Kanda Aranyaka Kanda Kishkinddha Kanda Sunder Kanda ...
KM Ganguli Mahabharat Corpus Adi Parva (The Book of the Beginning) Sabha Parva (The Book of the Assembly Hall) Vana Parva or Aranyaka-Parva (The Bo...
AI Usecases in Government Preliminary Work before any AI Project with Government Keeping technology evolution, cost of latest technologies, government exp...
AI in School Education Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of education, a technological revolution is quietly reshaping the way students learn, t...
Basics of Jyotish Introduction In this article I am going to discuss the basics of astrology and the data science aspect of astrology. I am defending here ...
Download Link to this Diary The Inspirational Leader by Gifford Thomas The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking by Edward B. Burger How to Listen by ...
Empowering-Language-with-AI-NLP-Capabilities Introduction When envisioning artificial intelligence (AI), the initial images that often come to mind are hu...
Topic Modeling with BERT Key steps in BERTopic modelling are as following. Use “Sentence Embedding” models to embed the sentences of the article Red...
Graph of Thoughts This is a valuable resource for learning Graph of Thoughts (GoT) concepts. The YouTube video is from code_your_own_AI. I’m utilizing the...
Basics of Word Embedding What is Context, target and window? The “context” word is the surrounding word. The “target” word is the middle word. The ...
My Journey from Master to PhD in Data Science and AI I have been in software development between 1993 to 2009. Some of these years were in senior leadersh...
Compressing Large Language Model Is this article for me? If you are looking answers to following question then “Yes” What is LLM compression? Why is ...
In the realm of document typesetting and preparation, LaTeX stands as a timeless giant, revered by professionals, researchers, students, and publishers ali...
What is pinecone? Pinecone is a managed vector database that provides vector search (or “similarity search”) for developers with a straightforward API and ...
ML Model Development Framework & Model Repositories Introduction There are hundreds of machine learning tasks. To do these tasks there are thousands o...
ML Model Repository from Pinto0309 Introduction Using AI we can solve many kinds of tasks for this input can be text, structured data, image, video, audio...
Python APIs for Data Bing Bing is a search engine that brings together the best of search and people in your social networks to help you spend less time s...
Distances in Machine Learning Every sample, record, word, sentence, object, image etc in the Machine learning language is called vector. If we want to mea...
Paper with Code Resources Trending Papers of 2021 ADOP: Approximate Differentiable One-Pixel Point Rendering — Rückert et al — https://paperswithcode....
Important AI Paper List Introduciton In almost all citations it becomes very difficult to read the title of research papers. Why? Because the contributor...
Machine Learning Metrics Introduction In Machine Learning projects whether classical machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, speech processing,...
Comprehensive Glossary of LLM I am developing this Glossary slowly at my own pace. Content on this page keep changing. Better definition, better explainati...
Paper Name :- Pretrained Language Models for Text Generation: A Survey Typer of Paper:- Survey Paper Paper URL Paper title of the citations mentioned c...
What is Large Language Model Introduction LLM stands for Large Language Model. It is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) model that is trained on a mas...
How to Conduct Literature Review? Introduction Literature Review (LR) or Literature Survey (LS) is a process that helps you to browse the libraries, liter...
NLP Tasks Introduction Processing words of any language and driving some meaning from these is as old as the human language. Recently, AI momentum is taki...
SQL and Relational Algebra Relational algebra (RA) is considered as a procedural query language where the user tells the system to carry out a set of oper...
Types of Questions Introduction Question-Answering task is one of the tasks in NLP-Task. To create a high-performing AI system that can understand the que...
Google Cloud APIs Introduction Hundreds of services from Google are available to consumers as API. Every API has a specific purpose. Over a period of time...
Tuning Large Language Model with VertexAI Why Model Tuning? Tuning is required when you want the model to learn something niche or specific that deviates f...
Introduction to Prompt Best Engineering Prompts can contain questions, instructions, contextual information, examples, and partial input for the model to ...
Database and Analytics Product Services from Google Azure AWS Database Tools/Services Sno Amazon Azure Microsoft ...
AI Product and Services from Google, Azure and AWS Sno Azure Google AWS 1. Anomaly Detector: ...
Introduction to AI Model deployment Big Players Amazon Amazon has many products and one of their product is AWS Cloud. Under this product th...
AWS SageMaker Jumpstart Models As of 17-Jul-23, AWS Sagemaker has 463 models in its Model Zoo. They call these models as Jumstart Models. What are the capa...
Major LLM Developers Shaping the AI Landscape From Text to Intelligence: Major LLM Developers Shaping the AI Landscape Introduction: The world of Artifi...
Python Decorator Function What is Decorator Function in Python In Python, a decorator is a special type of function that allows you to modify or extend t...
Embedding with FastText What is Embedding? What are Different Types of Embedding What is FastText? FastText is an open-source library for efficient lea...
Python Naming Convention UPPERCASE / UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES => module-level constants lowercase / lower_case_with_underscores => for varia...
Sorting Algorithm A Summary Introduction Sorting is a fundamental operation in computer science and plays a vital role in various applications. Whether it’...
What is CAPTCHA? CAPTCHA stands for “Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.” It is a security mechanism used by websi...
What is GAN Architecture? Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a powerful class of neural networks that are used for unsupervised learning. It was de...
A Guide to Model Fine Tuning with OpenAI API Account Setup and API Key Generation Go to openai, sign up there and create your account. After than you nee...
Capabilities of AI Transformers Background Whether GPT, ChatGPT, DALL-E, Whisper, Satablity AI or whatever significant you see in the AI worlds nowdays it...
Model Garden of VertexAI: Unlocking the Power of Google’s VertexAI: Exploring the World of Pre-Built Models for AI Tasks Introduction: Artificial Intellig...
Demystifying DevOps, MLOps, and DataOps: Bridging the Gap between Software Development, Machine Learning, and Data Managemen Introduction What is DevOps...
All Resources to Learn Data Science Introduction Welcome to the AI ML Resources category page, where you’ll find a wealth of knowledge on various topics ...
A Comprehensive Guide to 210+ AWS Services Exploring 210+ Cloud Services and Their Purposes All these services are availalbe at Link Introduction Amazon ...
Unlocking the Power of Azure Exploring 300+ Cloud Services and Their Purposes All these services are availalbe at Link: Introduction Embracing the cloud ...
Google Cloud Service Catalog A Comprehensive Overview of 250+ Google Cloud Services All these services are availalbe at Link Introduction In the ever-ev...
Unraveling the Google Web Exploring the Purpose of Google’s Websites introduction Google has become synonym of search. Therefore when you want to search s...
God Fathers of AI In other fields of studies or in religion, there is only one god or only one godfather. But in the field of AI, that is not the case. Th...
Business-Usecases-of-GPT Introduction You will not lose your job because of AI, but you may lose it because you didn’t learn how to use AI in your job. ...
The Interconnectedness of Life and Data Introduction While reading below keep your mind open. If you can keep your religious or even scientific informati...
Types of Machine Learning Introduction Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses on developing algorithms that can learn from da...
Linux OS Directories Linux OS Folders and the purpose. Introduction: Linux is a widely used operating system that is known for its flexibility and versa...
How Many Types of Technologies? Introduction Often we hear various jargon of different types of technologies and sometimes during the discussion, it becom...
Cognitive Biases Introduction Cognitive biases are the systematic errors that occur when individuals deviate from rational decision-making. These biases a...
Podcast Summary: Lex Fridman Sam Harris Consciousness Free Will Psychedelics This is an interesting and deepdive discussion between Lex Fridman and Sam Ha...
Books on Conciousness Introduction If you are from the software industry and especially in a data scientist role on day to day basis. Then there are high...
Responsible AI Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. As AI sys...
Cost-Functions-and-Optimizers-in-Machine-Learning What is machine learning? Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on the ...
Application of AI in Banking, Finance, Security and Insurance (BFSI) Introduction The banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) sector has been a...
GPU for Data Science Work What is the difference between microprocessor (CPU) and GPU? A microprocessor and a GPU (graphics processing unit) are both type...
What are the various types of databases? Introduction In the 21st Century, Data is the real oil of machines. There are different kinds of oils and there ...
What is the difference between Data Lake and Data Warehouse? Introduction A data warehouse is a system used for reporting and data analysis, and is consid...
AI Usecases in Agriculture Industry Introduction In the today world where energy saving, climate change, cost and process optimization, effectiveness is t...
AI Use Cases in Food Processing Introduction The food processing industry is a vital sector in the global economy, responsible for providing safe and nutr...
Artificial Intelligence can Replace Human? The Success of ChatGPT has taken the world by storm. Unless you are not living in some cave you already know wh...
What is GAN? What is GAN (Generative Adversarial Network)? Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are besing used to generate images, videos, text, audio ...
Introduction to Neural Network Introduction to a Perceptron A perceptron is a type of artificial neural network that can be used for binary classificatio...
Timeseries Interview Questions What are the characterstics of time series data? Time series data is a series of data points collected over time. Some cha...
Linear Regression Interview Questions and Answers In this question-answer article, I will try that the start of every answer from example rather than t...
Statistics Interview Question for Data Scientist In this question-answer blog, I will try to answer that every question starts with an example rather t...
What is GPT? GPT is a transformer. Don’t confuse it with your electricity transformer! In Artificial Intelligence there are different kinds of neural netw...
What is ChatGPT? ChatGPT is general purpose - “chat model” from OpenAI. It is a language model, which means if you type some text then it can understand an...
AI in Energy Management Introduction The application of AI in energy management is aimed at optimizing energy consumption and reducing waste in the energ...
What is Computer vision? Background In the digital world, scientists are working hard to create machines and robots that can interact with humans the way ...
The Science of Reasoning About Reasoning Reasoning is a unique ability in humans. Whatever civilizational advancement we see, it is because of our abilit...
What is NLP? Humans interact with their surroundings using different kinds of inputs. Eyes deal with inputs of color, shape, and size. Ear deals with input...
Book Review - Data Science in Marketing Analysis BOOK REVIEW TITLE OF THE BOOK: Data Science in Marketing Analysis AUTHOR: Mirza Rahim Baig, Gururajan Govi...
Domain Knowledge in Machine Learning Let’s say the domain is a restaurant kitchen. A dataset with 3 variables. Two predictors and one predicted. Predictor...
AI Projects Project Ideas AI, Data Science, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, NLP Project Ideas Project Name/Idea Type of Project ...
If you are like me then you must have struggled enough to understand the confusion matrix or still struggling to understand the metrics of this confusion m...
Online Data Science, AI, ML Content Data Science, AI, Machine Learning, Books/ Guide/ Reports/ Presentations / Jupyter Notebook Available. All these book...
Data Science Cheatsheets Introduction All these cheat sheets are kept at my google drive link. 180+ cheatsheet on ML, DL, DE, DA, NLP, Algorithms, Pandas...
Contents Introduction Data Science and Exploration The different names for software piece Why different names for the software? Why update your so...
Important Statistical Terms Sno Term Definition 1 Affine transformation. See transfor...
Directory Structure for ML Project is critical for any serious data science project. What we learn from a technology college and institution is useful in a...
Can we really Develop AI solutions that can predict human behavior? If you are not a technical person then don’t get overwhelmed by the next paragraph, you...
Contents Why Does AI Project Fails? Why Does AI Project Fails? I have been in IT project management for 2+ decades. Being in the industry for quite a...
What Are Transformers in AI Transformer Architecture Background Whether GPT, ChatGPT, DALL-E, Whisper, Satablity AI or whatever significant you see in t...
Github-Repos-for-DataScience Sno. Repo Name Repo Description Language Starred Fork 1 ...
AI ML Resources from My Diary This is my personal diary which contains resources, which I know, learned or people have told me to experiment with. I start...
Basic Statistics for Data Science Important Webpages on Statistics Statistical Inference – an overview - ScienceDirect Topics Welcome – The Data Jou...
Data Scientists and AI, ML Researchers For the initial list, I have taken content from github. I have expanded this and will keep updating this in the fut...
Navigating the Data Landscape: Exploring Data Sources, Databases, and ETL Tools for Machine Learning Projects Introduction Data sources: Data sources ref...
Thousands of Machine Learning Datasets Introduction: Without Data there is no Machine Learning, no AI, no Deep Learning. Because of heavy automation, IOT...
Machine Learning Tasks and Model Evaluation Introduction Machine learning is a subject where we study how to create & evaluate machine learning models...
Machine Learning Framework, Library, Tools Introduction As of 2022, Data Science, AI, and Machine Learning are very fast-evolving domains. In the last 5 ...
My Daily Tools [My Daily Tools] Sno Category Subcategory URL Purpose/Remarks 1 General...
AI, ML, DL Blogs Sites 370+ blogs/website, who publishes articles, research, opinions, observations related to AI, ML, DL, Signal Processing, Computer Vis...
My Favorite Chrome Extensions # Name Purpose 1 Application Launcher For Drive (by Google) ...
Best Resources to Learn Python Best Python Resources Learn Python the Hard Way Python Practice Book — Python Practice Book Making Games with Python...
AI, ML, Deep Learning, NLP Conferences & Journals Content on this page keeps changing. These links are taken from my chrome browser favorites. A list...
Best YouTube Channels to Learn Data Science Introduction The way we are learning new technologies has hugely changed in the last 5 years. Many educators, ...
High School Maths for Data Science Algebra I How to graph an ordered pair How to find the equation of a circle How to find the equation of a curve ...
Important AI Research Papers Content from this page is migrated to Link
Mathematics for Data Scientist To excel in the field of data science, especially as a data scientist, I would recommend you have good command over the top...
How Naive Bayes Classifier Works? Naive Bayes classifier example In this presentation, I am not going into the depth of the Naive Bayes algorithm. I am a...
Top 10 Technologies of Future Top 10 Technologies of Future Augmented Reality : Helps surgeons see inside their patients Help workers operating in dan...
What is EDA? EDA means Exploratory Data Analysis. The purpose of data analysis is to explore. Exploration means try to understand what kind of data I have...
DS, AI, ML Online Course, Tutorial, Videos Courses Machine Learning – Stanford by Andrew Ng in Coursera (2010-2014) Machine Learning – Caltech by Yase...
Data Science Interview Question Answers Thousands of interview questions on various topic related to Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Computer Vision, NLP...
Reinforcement Learning Git Repositories Sno. URL Description 1 https://github.com/openai/baselines ...
What is XAI? XAI in Simple Language! The disciple of Data Science and AI has brought many terms in the boardroom for discussion, which looks complicated....
100+ High Level AI Usecases Nowadays we are listening and reading a lot about AI and its role in shaping our present and future. But many people, sometime...
Dealing with Sensitive Data Introduction One of the biggest problems for a Data Science project team is to protect the data. We know, data is the basic ra...